城市十字路口交通灯控制系统的设计.doc

摘 要 本系统由单片机系统、键盘、LED 显示、交通灯演示系统组成。系统包括人行道、左转、右转、以及基本的交通灯的功能。系统除基本交通灯功能外，还具有倒计时、时间设置、紧急情况处理、分时段调整信号灯的点亮时间、违规车辆检测以及根据具体情况手动控制等功能。 本文通过查询相关资料及对系统设计要求和交通灯电路逻辑的分析，结合MCS-51的使用特点提出了一套系统实现的软、硬件方案，并通过MCS-51开发装置实现了该设计方案的基本功能，对交通灯系统设计进行了一种经济、有效的尝试。 关键词 MCS-51单片机 KEIL C51编译器 LED显示 时序 目 录 第1章 引言··································································1 1.1 交通灯的历史概况······················································1 1.2 程序主芯片功能介绍····················································1 1.3 程序编译语言及开发软件简介············································2 第2章 总体方案设计·························································5 2.1 设计要求及可实现功能··················································5 2.2 交通灯显示规律分析····················································5 2.3 方案选择······························································8 第3章 硬件系统设计·························································11 3.1 LED显示控制电路······················································11 3.2 计时器显示电路·······················································11 3.3 车辆违规检测电路·····················································12 第4章 软件系统设计·························································14 4.1 主程序设计···························································14 4.2 按键子程序设计·······················································18 第5章 系统调试·····························································23 5.1 状态灯显示测试与分析·················································23 5.2 数码管显示测试与分析·················································23 5.3 整体电路测试与分析···················································23 结论·········································································24 参考文献·····································································25 附录·········································································26 第1章 引言 1.1 交通灯的历史概况 当今，红绿灯安装在各个道口上，已经成为疏导交通车辆最常见和最有效的手段。但这一技术在19世纪就已出现了。1858年，在英国伦敦主要街头安装了以燃煤气为光源的红，蓝两色的机械扳手式信号灯，用以指挥马车通行。这是世界上最早的交通信号灯。1868年，英国机械工程师纳伊特在伦敦威