昆明准静止锋的发现和研究-中国气象局图书馆.PDF

气象科技 进展 创刊5周年纪念专辑 昆明准静止锋的发现和研究 1 2 索渺清 丁一汇 （1 中国气象局气象干部培训学院，北京 100081；2 国家气候中心，北京 100081） 摘要：昆明准静止锋也称西南准静止锋，早在20世纪40年代已被中国学者所发现。这是在东亚冷空气爆发并向南扩展 时，受西南高原地形阻挡形成的一种独特的锋面系统。在北美等地虽然也有类似现象，但昆明准静止锋在形成原因、活 动规律和天气影响上都十分不同。在青藏高原大地形、低纬高原和横断山脉的作用下，昆明准静止锋沿地形呈准南北走 向，具有东西摆动和跳跃式西进的独特活动规律。若静止锋转变成冷锋西进，往往伴随着西南地区寒潮等转折性天气出 现；若静止锋长期稳定维持，不仅在冬季会造成冻雨等灾害性天气，还会在春季带来雷暴、冰雹、大风等强对流天气。 从昆明准静止锋的发现开始，全面的回顾和总结相关的研究进程，对该领域研究的未来方向从以下几个方面做出展望： 1）昆明准静止锋的定义仍需明确；2）锋区强烈逆温的成因和水汽来源；3）昆明准静止锋的气候结构和环流特征； 4）昆明准静止锋的气候变率及其影响因子；5）昆明准静止锋的维持和进退机理；6）昆明准静止锋的可预报性和数值 预报能力研究。 关键词：昆明准静止锋，发现过程，形成原因，活动规律，天气影响 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2095-1973.2016.03.001 The Discovery and Study of Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front 1 2 Suo Miaoqing , Ding Yihui (1 China Meteorological Administration Training Centre, Beijing 100081 2 National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081) Abstract: Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front, also known as Southwest Quasi-Stationary Front, which was found by Chinese meteorologists in 1940s, is a unique frontal system which forms when the cold air outbreaks in East Asia expanding southward, and is obstructed by the terrain in southwest China. Although similar phenomenon has been found in North America, Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front is very unique in terms of formation mechanism, activity patterns and its impact of weather. Under the influence of the Tibetan Plateau, the low-latitude plateau and the Hengduan Mountains, the Kunming Quasi-Stationary Front appears in a north-south direction along the terrain. It has a unique movement pattern of east-west direction and leaping