明清时期颍州地区河湖变迁.pdf

摘 要 明清时期黄河长期夺淮入海给淮河流域的生态环境造成了严重的影响。黄 河夺淮期间，长期占用淮河下游的入海通道，严重干扰了淮北水系。大量的泥 沙沉淀下来，淤塞了河道，抬高了河床，造成水流的不畅，间接导致了一些湖 泊的消失，同时又形成了一批新的湖泊。 本文所选的颍州地区位于淮河中游，河流众多，颍河、涡河等是淮河的重 要支流。受黄河夺淮的影响，颍河、涡河的河道长期成为黄河南泛泄水的通道， 颍河、涡河及其支流发生了较大的变化，通航和蓄水泄水能力下降，自然灾害 频发。该地区的湖泊也发生了变迁，主要表现为三种类型。第一种是原有湖泊 受黄河南泛影响，湖面淤浅，供水受限制，再加上人为垦殖，而逐渐消失。第 二种是因黄河淤隔河道形成新的湖泊，后因来水短缺，复经人为垦殖，最后 为农田所代替。第三种是原为洼地，受黄河洪水灌注后，因下游宣泄不畅， 蓄积成新的湖泊。 对颍州地区河湖变迁的研究有助于了解淮北平原河湖变迁的全貌，同 时为现今颍州地区河湖的综合治理提供一些借鉴。 关键词：明清；颍州地区；河湖；变迁 Abstract Ming and Qing Period of long-term capture of the Yellow River-Huai River Basin into the sea, cause significant impact in the ecological environment of the Huaihe River d During the long-term occupation of the lower reaches of the Huaihe River channel into the sea, seriously interfere with the Huaibei water. Large amount of sediment deposition get down, the river silted up, raised the river bed, the current of water is impeded.Indirectly lead to a number of lakes disappeared and at the same time formed a number of new lakes. Yingzhou region located at the Huaihe River middle reaches, have numerous rivers, Yinghe, Guohe River and so on are Huaihe Rivers important branches. During the long period, Yinghe, Guohe River and the branch has had big change, the navigation and storage discharging capacity drops, the natural disaster frequency sends. This areas lake also had the vicissitude, the main performance is three types. The first kind is the lake is become too shallow after the Yellow River-Huai River Basin into the sea, the water supply receives limits, in addition artificial reclams, vanishes gradually.The second kind is the Yellow river silt separates the river c