10科研方法与论文写作.pptx

Scientific Methodology Scientific Paper Writing科学研究方法与论文写作 The Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University Bao-Rong Lu卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）五、研究结果及其表述方法 How to write Results卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）Structure of a paperTitle …IntroductionMaterials methodsResultsDiscussion卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）The IMMRD format of a original research paperI = IntroductionMM = Material and methodR = ResultsD = Discussion卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）The IMMRD formatIntroduction: What question was studied ? (the objectives of the study)Materials methods: how based on what the problem studied ?卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）The IMMRD formatResults: what are the findings ?Discussion: what do the findings mean ?卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）How to write the TITLE of a paperDifferentiation of Chinese traditional rice revealed by RAPD markersDifferentiation of Chinese traditional rice revealed by RAPD markers卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）An ABSTRACT should:Be viewed as a mini-version/review of the paper:Questions/problemsMaterials methods usedBrief resultsMain conclusion卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）An roadmap of “Introduction”ProblemsReviewMethodConclusionResult卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）Materials MethodsMaterialsField materialsExperimental (Lab) materialsMethodsWhat you did卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）Structure of a paperTitle …IntroductionMaterials methodsResultsDiscussion卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）How to write RESULTS ?Results! Why, man, I have gotten a lot of results, I know several thousand things that won’t work.-- Thomas A. Edison卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）The “Results” section is the core of the paperThe results are data from the experiment(s)Everything of the paper hinges on resultsThey should be presented with care卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）How to present the resultsThe results are summarized data from the experiments presented by text, tables, figures, graphs, and photosStart with overall statementsThen, give supports to the statements卢宝荣 2006-7 （山东大学版）The content of the results Two ingredients:Given an overall description of the experiment