第十一章　构词法 课件(共18张PPT) 2025年中考英语二轮专题复习（广东专版）.pptx

第十一章构词法第二部分语法强化

英语的构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、混成法、截短法和词首字母缩略法。

一、常用前缀前缀含义例词un-不;无;没有happy—unhappy,lucky—unlucky,comfortable—uncomfortable,able—unable,like—unlikeil-不;无legal—illegal,logical—illogicalim-不;无;非possible—impossible,polite—impolitein-不;无;缺effective—ineffective,direct—indirect,complete—incomplete,dependent—independentir-不;无;非regular—irregular,relative—irrelativedis-否定;相反;去除agree—disagree,like—dislike,cover—discoverre-重新;再tell—retell,write—rewrite,open—reopen,call—recall,build—rebuild

名词后缀二、常用后缀后缀含义例词?-er/-or从事某种工作的人;某地人wait—waiter,visit—visitor,London—Londoner?-ian某种人history—historian,India—Indian?-ness/-ity(ty)(抽象)状态;性质;特征useful—usefulness,safe—safeness,cruel—cruelty,able—ability?-ess/-ress女性;雌;母actor—actress,wait—waitress?-hood时期;状态;集合boy—boyhood,child—childhood,man—manhood?-ship身份;情况;关系leader—leadership,friend—friendship,member—membership

(续表)名词后缀后缀含义例词?-tion/-ion状态;行动act—action,direct—direction,operate—operation?-ment手段;结果;状态;行动improve—improvement,move—movement,argue—argument?-age作用;结果;物;状态pack—package,short—shortage?-th状况;性质grow—growth,warm—warmth,true—truth?-ing动作;性质;状态build—building,boat—boating

形容词后缀动词后缀(续表)后缀含义例词?-ify变成;转变beauty—beautify,diverse—diversify,simple—simplify?-ize/-en使……化;变得……modern—modernize,popular—popularizethreat—threaten,length—lengthen?-ful充满;有use—useful,beauty—beautiful,hope—hopeful?-less没有;无hope—hopeless,harm—harmless,care—careless?-ly有……的品质friend—friendly,brother—brotherly?-y/-ish充满;像……一般sun—sunny,sand—sandy,noise—noisy,girl—girlish,fool—foolish?-al有……类型的culture—cultural,music—musical,person—personal?-ary/-ory属于……的imagine—imaginary?-ous富含……的danger—dangerous,mountain—mountainous?-ive/-able/-ible易于;能;可……的attract—attractive,eat—eatable,reduce—reducible

1.从社会层次、地位、工作职务上来看(1)加-er表示“人”,这类词泛指从事某项活动和职业的人。如:beginner初学者/新手driver司机traveller旅游者(2)加-or表示“人”,这类词在多数情况下表示从事专业性较强的职业的人。如:actor(男)演员 director主任;导演 collector收藏家(3)加-ist表示“人”,这类词在多数情况下表示事业有较高成就或较为特殊的人。如:artist