2016年电大《英语国家概况》科目考试整理版小抄【精品推荐】.doc

2016电大《英语国家概况》科目考试整理版小抄 ?美国经济特点（五个）:1,free enterprise system.2,All the 50 states have been active in education and in building roads.3, Government plays an important role in US economy.4,Farmers are efficient in the production of grain.5,benefits a lot from its sale of weapons to other countries. ?US is NO.1 grain exporter.NO.1 military weapons seller and the only military superpower in the world. ?英国经济特点（四个）:1,Its economy is the first to have been fully industrialized.2,British agriculture does not produce enough food to meet the countrys basic food.part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported.3,British industry is operated by different types of firms--(small family business/the great public corporation operating numerous plants.)4,British labour force is remarkably homogeneous. 美国?Northeast section is called theIndustrial Northeast。 ?American agricultural belts:1,The largest agricultural area in Northeast and around five Great Lakes--The belt of cheese.2,western part--The belt of wheat.3,South of the Great Lakes--The belt of corn.4,southeast,Atlantic coast to eastern part of Texas--The belt of cotton.5,Pacific coast--fruits,vegetables,wheat./California ?Canada--is the largest single source of goods imported by USA. ?Federal Reserve System--is the US federal banking system and bank note issuing authority,which was founded in 1913 to regulate the countrys credit and monetary affairs,The system is made up of 12 federal reserve banks and their 25 branches and other facilities in the country. ?How does Federal Reserve influence the volume of bank?--The Federal Reserves influence the volume of bank lending by influencing the volume of excess reserves.This is done through its own lending policy to banks and through open-market operations.Open-market operation consists of the purchase and sale of securities by the Federal Reserve in the open market.When the Federal Reserve buys securities,bank reserves are created,whereas when the Federal Reserves sells securities ,ban