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天然油脂制备生物柴油新技术研究.doc

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天然油脂制备生物柴油新技术研究 ——油脂制备生物柴油的催化剂选择及优化组合 聂小安, 蒋剑春, 戴伟娣, 常 侠  (中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所;国家林业局林产化学工程重点开放性实验室,江苏南京210042) 摘 要: 以不同油脂为原料制备生物柴油,对各类催化剂催化活性进行了研究;利用气相色谱及化学分析法,对各类催化剂进行了优化组合。结果表明,对于酸值低于10的油脂,碱性催化剂由于催化效果好,反应时间短,是首选的理想催化剂;而对于酸值高于10的油脂,无论酸性还是碱性催化剂,均难于在短时间内完成酯化反应。自配的NG催化剂,在质量分类(相对油脂质量)为0.1 %,反应温度180℃,反应时间为2h的条件下,反应转化率达到93 %,有望作为亚临界状态下制备生物柴油理想的催化剂。 关键词: 天然油脂;生物柴油;催化剂 中图分类号:TQ91;TQ517 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-5854(2007)02-0001-04 Study on New Preparation Technique of Biodiesel from Natural Oils ——The Selection and Best Constitution of Reaction Catalysts for Synthesis of Biodiesel NIE Xiao-an, JIANG Jian-chun, DAI Wei-di, CHANG Xia (Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products,CAF; Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering,SFA, Nanjing 210042, China)  Abstract: The reaction activity of catalysts on the synthesis of biodiesel from different oils was studied.By the analysis of GC and chemical method, the best constitution of catalysts was obtained.The results show that the alkaline material was the best catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of oils with acid value below 10 due to their best catalytic result and short reaction time,but for the oils with acid value above 10, neither the acid nor the base, could catalyze the transesterification in a short time.The catalyst NG made in this research, under the condition of temperature 180℃,time 2h and catalyst dosage 0.1 %, had high catalytic activity. The yield of 93 % was obtained. The catalyst NG had profound practical significance in subcritical fluid technique. Key words: natural oils;biodiesel;catalyst 竹浆纤维溶解过程中的均相水解研究 孙 勇, 林 鹿, 庞春生, 邓海波, 彭 红, 李嘉喆, 孙润仓 (华南理工大学制浆造纸国家重点实验室,广东广州510641)  摘 要: 发现一种含催化剂的甲酸溶液体系能有效溶解竹浆纤维,竹浆纤维在溶解过程中纤维素发生了水解,水解后甲酸能清洁回收循环使用,并得到固体的可溶性糖产物。将竹浆纤维放入含催化剂的甲酸溶液0.5 h后,开始溶胀,1.0 h后逐渐溶解,颜色开始变深,呈浅墨绿色,2.0 h后基本溶解,溶液颜色也逐渐变深,4.0 h后呈完全溶解状态。60℃反应6.0 h后,经过处理可从反应体系中得到葡萄糖、纤维二糖、纤维三糖、纤维四糖、纤维五糖和纤维六糖固体产物,葡萄糖的得率达54.5 %。 关键词: 纤维素;水解;溶解;葡萄糖 中图分类号:TQ91;TS727.1 文献标识码:A
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