自动开关灯控制系统(三等奖).doc

北京化工大学萌芽杯B类作品论文  PAGE 22 北京化工大学 信息科学与技术学院 参赛类别 B 系 别 自动化 班 级 自控0904 小组名称 PE 组 长 齐鹏飞 小组成员 王晓 金震 曹文慧 姚鹏飞（按姓氏笔画） 指导教师 韩雪岩 职 称 　 讲师 自动控制开关灯系统设计 中文摘要 围绕自动开关灯开展设计，首先是选取传感器，经过资料分析，我们小组选择能耗低，廉价，市面上常见的红外线发射接收装置。如果没有人员进入，发射的光线没有被遮挡时，接收电路输出低电平；而当有人员进入时，光线被遮挡，接收电路就输出高电平。如此就由传感器输出了一个脉冲。 现在要解决的是如何区分人员进入产生的脉冲和人员???去产生的脉冲。我组设置了两组红外线发射接收装置，通过对这两组装置输入到下面装置脉冲的先后顺序进行信号处理，进而实现加一还是减一。在此问题上，我组在图书馆查阅相关的开关控制和电子设计电路书籍，得到启发，最终利用两个JK触发器组成的一个控制电路来控制可逆计数器的计数。 接下来是驱动部分和显示部分，可逆计数器的输出电平输入7448驱动器来驱动共阴极显示器。 最后是将此装置安装到220V电路上，我组利用继电器，可逆计数器的输出电平作为继电器的动力，实现弱电向强电的转化。我组经过讨论，在220V电路中加入了应急开关，即如果设备出现故障可以手动开启电灯，不会影响正常的学习和办公。 关键字：自动开关灯 红外线接收仪 可逆计数器 目录  TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l _Toc286590958 中文摘要·················································2  HYPERLINK \l _Toc286590957 目录·····················································3  HYPERLINK \l _Toc286590959 第1节 设计思路·············································4  HYPERLINK \l _Toc286590960 1.1设计思路模块图·······································4 第2节 各部分电路设计思路分析··························４ 2.1传感器到可逆加法器········································5 2.2人员计数电路和译码显示电路 ······················7 2.3与强电结合········································9 2.4应急开关··········································10 第3节 仿真图样············································11 第4节 总结·················································12 4.1选材··················································12 4.2定向··················································12 4.3定体··················································12 4.4仿真与试验············································12 第5节 参考文献··············································13 第6节 元器件功能及其介绍··································13 6.1 元器件清单·········································13 6.2主要元器件介绍·······································14 6.