青藏高原气候变化适应的生态保护.doc

青藏高原气候变化适应的生态保护 王玉梅 , 侯光良, 王小梅 ( 青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院， 青海 西宁 810008 ) 【摘要】 在全球气候变暖的大背景下，从1951-2000年青藏高原年平均气温变化的总趋势是上升的,存在明显的年代际变化;1960-2006年来青藏高原大部分地区降水呈增加趋势,存在明显的时空分布差异， 最大可能蒸散以减少趋势为主，干燥度以降低趋势为主，由此可知，青藏高原近50多年来大部分地区的气候呈现向暖湿方向发展的趋势。气候变化导致青藏高原地区出现冰川和冻土融化﹑土地荒漠化﹑草地退化﹑水资源日渐减少﹑生物多样性减少等生态退化现象。根据气候变化出现的问题，本文提出采取加强对冰川融水的利用﹑生物措施和工程措施﹑开展天然草地改良和人工草地建设﹑实施人工降雨﹑建立自然保护区等措施与建议。 【关键词】： 青藏高原 气候变化 生态保护 ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE TIBETAN PLATEAU Wang Yumei , Hou Guangliang, Wang Xiaomei ( Qinghai Normal University College of Biological and Geographic Sciences , Qinghai Xining 810008 ) Abstract: Under the big background of global climate warming , From the 1951 to 2000AD in the Tibetan Plateau, the main trends of annual average temperature change is rising , there are obvious the interdecadal variation ; From the 1960 to 2006 AD most of the Tibetan Plateau precipitation is increasing , there are obvious difference in spatial-temporal distribution, the maximum potential evapotranspiration of the main trends is decreasing ,most of the areas was ascending to more humid status ,as a result, In recent 50 years climate of most of the Tibetan Plateau show the trend of warm and humid development ,due to climate change , the Tibetan Plateau appears a series of ecological degradation phenomenon ,for example glacier and permafrost melting﹑land desertification﹑grassland degradation﹑declining water resources﹑biodiversity reduction. According to the problems of climate change, this paper proposes that enhancing the use of glacier meltwater ﹑biological and engineering measures﹑carrying out improvement of natural grassland and construction of artificial grassland﹑Implementation of the artificial rainfall﹑establishing nature reserves etc. measures and proposals. Key words : Tibetan Plateau climate change ecological protection 青藏高原地区西起帕米尔高原，东迄横断山脉，北界昆仑山、祁连山，南抵喜马拉雅山，位于亚洲大陆中部，素有“世界屋脊”和“世界第三极”之称。“青藏高原以其强烈的隆升、独特的自