4-2复旦大学研究生英语课件_图文.ppt

The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is thought to be c_________ for medical ethics. Passive euthanasia is the c__________ of the treatment and p_________ while active euthanasia is c__________ to the policy of AMA. Several arguments are going to be put forward to make a strong c_________ against the doctrine. Once the initial decision not to prolong his a________ has been made, active euthanasia is actually preferable to passive euthanasia. The process of being “allowed to die” can be relatively s_________ and painful and contrary to the h___________ impulses whereas being given a l________ injection is relatively quick and painless. For a patient who is dying of incurable cancer of throat, the pain can not be a__________ while for the baby born with Down’s syndrome together with the intestinal obstruction, the dehydration and infection w_________ him over hours and days. In the above two cases, passive euthanasia is really a terrible o_________ for them. The conventional doctrine leads to decisions concerning life and death made on ir_________ grounds. As an operation to remove the intestinal obstruction is not p___________ difficult, the matter of life of death should not allowed to depend on the essential irrelevant question of whether the intestinal tract is blocked, instead on the basis of Down’s s____________. Killing is not morally worse than letting someone die. In both cases, Jones and Smith acted from the same m_________ and the same end in v_____. Therefore, Jones should be as r________ as Smith and his defense of “doing nothing and letting die” is only a grotesque p_________ of moral reasoning. The doctors do not involve the personal gain and the destruction of the healthy child, hence the bare difference between killing and letting die does not , in itself, make a moral difference. The AMA contended that cessation of treatment is not the i_________ termination of life and many people also find it hard to accept this judgment becaus