实现汽车轻量化的关键因素.doc

实现汽车轻量化的关键因素 为了提高车辆的燃油经济性和车辆变速的快捷性，就要降低车辆重量。实现汽车轻量化的关键是在车身的制造中大量使用轻型材料，如铝合金、复合材料、高分子材料、具有表面镀层不导电有机保护层的板料等，而难于用电焊对这些材料进行良好联接，且车辆及工程机械等机械产品所处的工况是恶劣的振动状态，疲劳失效是连接破坏的基本普遍现象，所以它的联接设计和工艺就要求更高以满足疲劳寿命和疲劳强度提高的迫切需求，虽然自冲铆接疲劳强度较点焊高，但继续提高其疲劳强度有重要的现实意义。 In order to improve the promptness of vehicle fuel economy and vehicle speed, to reduce vehicle weight. Automobile lightweight is the key to the extensive use of lightweight materials in the production of car body, such as aluminum alloy, composite materials, polymer materials, has a surface coating is not conductive organic covering layer of sheet metal, etc., and difficult to use welding for these materials with good connection [1], and vehicles and engineering machinery and other machinery products are state of the vibration of the working condition is bad, the fatigue failure is the basic common connection failure, so its connection design and process requires higher fatigue life and fatigue strength to meet the urgent demand, while the impact riveting fatigue strength is relatively high spot welding, but we will continue to increase its fatigue strength has important practical significance. 　　自冲铆接技术是采用一个铆钉连接两个或更多部件的方法，它实行冲铆一次完成。半空心铆钉自冲铆接工艺的铆接过程铆钉在冲头的作用下，穿透上层板料，在凹模和铆钉外形共同作用下空心铆钉尾部在下层金属中张开形成喇叭口形状。自冲铆接除了可连接上述点焊所难于连接的材料外，自冲铆接和点焊相比还具有许多点焊所不具备的优点：能连接不同材料，能和粘接复合连接，无发光，发热少，疲劳强度较高，快捷等。 Since a riveting technology is to use a method of rivet connection of two or more components (see figure 1), it implements the rivet at one time. Half from hollow rivet riveting process of rivet riveting process under the action of the punch, penetrates the upper plate, the die shape under the action of common hollow rivets and rivet tail open formation in the lower metal bell shape. Since the flush riveted in addition to the above spot welding can connect the outside material is difficult to connect, since the riveting and welding compared also has many advantages: what spot welding does not have to connect different materials, and adhesi