智能锂离子电池快速充电器的设计.doc

摘 要 锂离子电池由于能量密度高和长循环寿命等优点，在便携式设备中得到了广泛的应用。安全、可靠、快速、高效的锂电池充电器对锂电池的性能及应用起着至关重要的作用。但是，锂离子电池的不足之处在于对充电器要求比较苛刻,需要保护电路。锂离子电池要求的充电方式是恒流恒压方式,为有效利用电池容量,需将锂离子电池充电至最大电压,但是过压充电会造成电池损坏,这就要求较高的控制精度。另外,对于电压过低的电池需要进行预充,充电器最好带有热保护和时间保护,为电池提供附加保护。因此，安全有效的智能型锂离子电池充电器对于锂离子电池来说就是必须而且是必要的。 在硬件方面，完成了单片机系统的设计，包括系统电压、电流、温度的采样及功能按键等。可实现恒流、涓流等充电过程，具备容量、残压检测功能，具备故障监测和报警功能。实用软件方面，采用模块化的程序设计，介绍了模块划分和各模块的功能，实现的具体算法，给出了流程图，并根据系统工作需求进行了低功耗和软件抗干扰设计，确保了系统运行的可靠稳定性。本设计提高了充电器智能化水平，更精确的实现充电过程控制，保护电池，延长电池寿命。 关键词：充电器；恒流充电；涓流充电； 单片机 Abstract Lithium ion battery is being widely used in portable device for their high energy density and long cycle life. Safe, reliable, fast and efficient charger play a role in the performance and application of the battery. But, the shortage of lithium ion batteries in the request to the charger is hard, and it need a protective circuit. Lithium ion battery required charging mode is constant voltage way. For the effective use of battery capacity, the lithium ion battery should be charged to maximum voltage.But overvoltage charging will cause damage to the battery , which requires high control precision. In addition, the battery of low voltage need to percharge. chargers with thermal protection and time protection provide additional protection for the battery. Therefore, safe and effective intelligent lithium ion battery charger for lithium ion battery is needed and it is necessary. In hardware, the design achieves the hardware detail circuit including the system voltage, current, temperature sampling circuit and function keys. It can achieve the process of constant-current charge and trickle charge and have the capacity and pressure testing function. In software, the design adopts modular procedures，which analysis the plotting and function of each module，and the specific way of realization are introduced. According to the work demands of the system, low power consumption and software anti-interference are designed，which ensure the safety