石油工程岩石力学-地应力.ppt
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* * An extended leak-off test requires that a given wellbore interval be pressurized beyond formation breakdown in order to propagate a hydraulic fracture away from the wellbore into the far field. Then, the well needs to be shut-in and pressure decay monitored carefully over time. This pressure decay data from the shut-in wellbore contains accurate information about the least principal stress (S3). The next few slides describe in steps, how to conduct the XLOT or minifrac. * * * * * * * An extended leak-off test requires that a given wellbore interval be pressurized beyond formation breakdown in order to propagate a hydraulic fracture away from the wellbore into the far field. Then, the well needs to be shut-in and pressure decay monitored carefully over time. This pressure decay data from the shut-in wellbore contains accurate information about the least principal stress (S3). The next few slides describe in steps, how to conduct the XLOT or minifrac. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 利用水力压裂试验数据计算地应力: 地层破裂压力(Pf):地层破裂产生流体漏失时的井底压力 裂缝延伸压力(Pr):使一个已存在的裂缝延伸扩展时的井底压力 裂缝闭合压力(PFcp):使一个存在的裂缝保持张开时的最小井底压力,它等于作用在岩体上垂直裂缝面的法向应力,即最小水平主地应力。 瞬时停泵压力(PISIP):关泵瞬间的裂缝中的压力。它一般大于PFcp,两者之间的差别一般在0.1~7MPa之间变化,它取决压裂工艺及岩石性质。在低渗透性地层,两者近似相等 利用水力压裂试验数据计算地应力: 地层倾角测井确定地应力方位 主地应力方向 泥浆密度低,井壁坍塌椭圆井眼长轴在最小水平地应力方位 坍塌压力、破裂压力 推导! 定向井井周地层应力状态 * * * * * * * * * * * Casing shear is caused by high stresses. It is important to know the initial state of stress. This requires information on stress magnitudes and direction. If the stresses exceed the strength of the material, it will shear, just as a rock does in a triaxial test. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 利用水力压裂试验数据计算地应力: 构造应力场导致井壁崩落椭圆具有明显的长轴方位。在地层倾角测井记录上,一条井径曲线比较平直或等于钻头直径,而另一条井径曲线则比钻头直径大得多,而非应力孔眼井径曲线上表现为,钻头孔截面没有明显的长轴方向。 井壁崩落椭圆法确定主应力方向 由于井壁崩落椭圆因崩落的长轴方向总是与最小水平主地应力方向一致,即与最大水平地应力方向垂直,因此可借用井壁崩落椭圆来确定地应力的方向。 地层倾角测井确定地应力方位 主地应力方向 泥浆密度低,井壁坍塌椭圆井眼长轴在最小水平地应力方位 坍塌 拉伸裂缝 破碎性地层井壁坍塌破坏规律 节理破碎地层塌块大,井眼长轴在最大水平地应力方位 完整地层塌块小,井眼长轴在最小水平地应力方位 地应力纵向分布
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