以天然气制合成气的工艺.doc
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以天然气制合成气的工艺
作者:广州大学 化学化工学院 09精细化工 余玉环 0913020002
【摘要】天然气制合成气是化工生产的一项重要工艺,其中蒸汽转化法已经非常成熟。近年来,国内外正在研究一种新的天然气制合成气技术,即甲烷催化部分氧化法和甲烷二氧化碳重整法。甲烷催化部分氧化法制合成气能耗低,可在常压下操作,反应空速大,在工业化过程中可减小设备规模,降低装置投资,适用于合成气制有机含氧化合物;甲烷二氧化碳重整法制合成气对减小二氧化碳排放,缓解温室效应有着重要意义。本文对天然气制备合成气的蒸汽转化法、部分氧化法、自热转化法、二氧化碳转化法等主要工艺及工艺改进方面进行了综述,指出各种工艺的技术难点,并对天然气制备合成气技术的研究方向和发展趋势做出了展望。
【关键词】合成气 天然气 蒸汽转化 部分氧化 二氧化碳转化 新工艺
In the process of producing synthesis gas from natural gas
Author: Guangzhou University, College of chemistry and chemical engineering, Level 09 Fine chemical; Yu Yuhuan
Abstract:Natural gas to synthesis gas is an important chemical production process, in which the steam conversion process has been very mature. In recent years, the domestic and foreign research is a new natural gas to synthesis gas technology, namely the catalytic partial oxidation of methane and methane carbon dioxide reforming method. Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas with low energy consumption, and can be operated at atmospheric pressure, space velocity, in industrialized process may reduce the scale of equipment, reduce the device investment, applied to the synthesis of organic oxygen containing compound; CO2 reforming of methane to syngas to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, alleviate the greenhouse effect has important significance. Based on the natural gas to synthesis gas by steam reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming, carbon dioxide conversion process and technology improvements are reviewed, pointing out the various technical difficulties, and the synthetic gas preparation technology research direction and development trend outlook.
Keywords:Synthesis gas; Natural gas; Steam reforming; Partial oxidation; Conversion of carbon dioxide; New technology
前言
合成气系指一氧化碳和氢气的混合气,英文缩写Syngas。合成气中与的比值随原料和生产方法的不同而异,其/(摩尔比)由(1/2)~(3/1)。合成气是有机合成原料之一,也是氢气和一氧化碳的来源,在化学工业中有着重要作用。制造合成气的原料是多种多样的,许多含碳资源如煤、天然气、石油馏分、农林废料、城市垃圾等均可用来制造合成气。天然气是21世纪的重要能源,目前天然气在化工领域的应用有许多成熟的工业化技术,而合成气制备就占整个天然气化工过程投资和生产费用的约60%,因而改进和开发合成气生产技术对天然气化工利用
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