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dm3-数据仓库和OLAP概述.ppt

发布:2017-12-14约1.3万字共39页下载文档
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Data Warehousing and OLAP Technology What is a data warehouse? A multi-dimensional data model(多维数据模型) Data warehouse architecture(数据仓库的系统结构) Data warehouse implementation(数据仓库的实现) From data warehousing to data mining What is Data Warehouse? “A data warehouse is a subject-oriented(面向主题), integrated(集成), time-variant(时变的), and nonvolatile(非易失的) collection of data in support of management’s decision-making process(支持管理部门的决策过程).”—W. H. Inmon(数据仓库方面的构造设计师) subject-oriented(面向主题): 数据仓库总是围绕一些主题,如:顾客,供应商,产品和销售组织。数据仓库关注决策者的数据建模与分析,而不是集中于组织机构的日常操作和事务处理。数据仓库排除对于决策无用的数据,提供特定主题的简明视图。 integrated(集成) 数据仓库一般是将多个异种数据源,如关系数据库、一般文件和联机事务处理纪录,集成在一起。使用数据清理和数据集成技术,确保命名约定、编码结构、属性度量等的一致性。 time-variant(时变的) 数据存储从历史的角度(例如过去5-10年)提供信息,其中的关键结构,隐式或显式地包含时间元素。 nonvolatile(非易失的) 数据仓库总是物理地分离存放的数据;这些数据源于操作环境下的应用数据。由于这种分离,数据仓库通常只需两种数据访问:数据的初始化装入和数据访问。 Data Warehouse vs. Operational DBMS OLTP (on-line transaction processing) Major task of traditional relational DBMS Day-to-day operations: purchasing, inventory, banking, manufacturing, payroll, registration, accounting, etc. OLAP (on-line analytical processing) Major task of data warehouse system Data analysis and decision making Distinct features (OLTP vs. OLAP): User and system orientation: customer vs. market Data contents: current, detailed vs. historical, consolidated(统一) Database design: ER + application vs. star + subject View: current, local vs. evolutionary, integrated Access patterns: update vs. read-only but complex queries OLTP vs. OLAP 多维数据模型 From Tables and Spreadsheets to Data Cubes A data warehouse is based on a multidimensional data model which views data in the form of a data cube(由维和事实定义) A data cube, such as sales, allows data to be modeled and viewed in multiple dimensions Dimensions: time, item, branch,location Dimension tables, such as item (item_name, brand, type), or time(day, week, month, quarter, year) Fact table(事实表) contains measures (such as dollars_sold销售款项) and keys to each of the related dimension tables(事实是数值度量的, 根据他们
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