承包商不平衡报价研究概述.doc

业主推理下承包商不平衡报价的调整研究 摘 要 随着我国的建筑市场正不断地通过自身的努力与国际市场接轨，逐步将我国建筑市场定位成“市场形成价格，企业自主定价”。13版清单计价规范中明确指出，工程建设项目实行工程量清单计价模式的应采用单价合同，在招标过程中评标时应采取经评审的最低投标价法，这使得市场大环境下各建筑企业之间的竞争热度不断升温，导致承包商在进行投标报价时常采取降低材料成本、压低报价，更有甚者以垫资形式进行变相压低价格以谋取中标的现象不断涌现。现如今市场大环境下竞争的状况愈演愈烈，若只是一味的凭借压低报价策略，以期实现竞标的成功，有时带来的并非是承包商预期的可观收益，相反可能导致巨大的经济损失。 不平衡报价与一般常规的报价相比，运用了抬高可前期施工的分项工程的单价，同时压低其他后期施工的分项工程单价的一种方法。其目的一方面是可以提起对工程部分价款实现回收，来增加可流动资金的数目，使得流动资金在日后施工过程中的更为方便地周转和利用；而另一方面，运用该策略是为了在施工过程中通过变更、调价、索赔获得额外的利润。。在分析承包商通过“变更、调价、索赔”中运用不平衡报价策略的原理基础上，明确不平衡报价与获取间的关系，不平衡报价的策略中机会因素，并针对各个机会因素将业主可运用的不平衡报价的防范方法进行归纳总结，从而实现对承包商采取不平衡报价的前期预防以及后期的合理应对。以风险管理的思想，以业主角度将承包商通过“变更、调价、索赔”所采取的不平衡报价常用策略，转化为整个建设项目的全过程中业主识别和规避的交易、履约等风险因素，提前做好合理应对风险的准备，从而对不平衡报价可能诱发的风险进行规避。 Research on Contractor’s Adjustment of Unbalanced Bidding under the Proprietors Assumption ABSTRACT With increasing integration into the international stage， the Chinese construction market has been positioned as one in which the market forms the price and the enterprise has independent pricing. It is stipulated by the 13 Edition of Specification for List of Price Calculation that， for the construction projects which implement the valuation mode of quantities bill， they should use unit price contract， and the after evaluation method of lowest bidding price while evaluating the bidding. This has led to more and more unpleasant results， including increasingly fierce competition among different construction units in macro market environment and contractors’ bidding with lower price by reducing construction cost， or what’s worse， by loaning. This phenomenon has been appearing more and more frequently， whereas they result in huge economic loss instead of remarkable profits predicted by the contractors， although they worked in winning the bids. Unbalanced bidding is one quite different from the common ones. It raises the unit price for the pre-construction work of the kinds of construction， and lowers that of the post. On one hand， it helps settle project partial payment and increa