2015年土木工程专业英语课件Lesson.ppt

Lesson 2 Building and Architecture 建筑物和建筑学 New words and phrases: shelter encompass identical illumination parlance edifice dominant repetition nave aisle transept apse balustrade intermediate clue colonnade aspiration incarnation blank wall 无窗墙，挡墙 cave dweller （史前的）穴居人 Gothic cathedral 哥特式大教堂 1. shelter n. 隐蔽处，躲避处 ＋from The umbrella is a shelter from rain. v. 躲避 +from The wall sheltered us from the wind. 7. dominant a. 占优势的，有统治权的 The dominant influence in her life was her father. 在她一生中对她影响最大的是她的父亲。 v. dominate 支配，占优势 17. aspiration n. 志气，抱负 He has no aspiration for fame or gain. 他不图名利。 She has aspirations to become a great writer. 她有作名作家的抱负。 In a similar manner，the master builder concerned with the building as a shelter is no longer an individual；instead，his work is done by a team of several specialists：the planner，the architect，the engineer，and the builder． 同样地，关注作为遮风避雨的建筑物的主要营造商也不再是一个单独的个体 ；相反，他的工作是由几个专家（规划者、建筑师、工程师和建筑工人）组成的一个小组来完成的。 The execution of a modern building depends on the collective talents of this team． 一座现代化建筑的实现依赖这个小组集体的智慧。 The form of a building is an outgrowth of its function，its environment，and various socioeconomic factors． 建筑物的结构形式是它的功能、环境和各种社会经济因素共同作用的产物。 An apartment building，an office building，and a school differ in form because of the difference in the functions they fulfill． 一幢公寓，一座办公楼和一所学校在结构形式上各有不同，因为它们要实现的功能是不一样的。 In an apartment building every habitable space，such as living rooms and bedrooms，must have natural light from windows while bathrooms and kitchens can have artificial light and therefore can be in the interior of the building． 在公寓里面，每一处居住的空间，比如起居室和卧室必须有从窗户进来的自然光，而浴室和厨房则可以用人工光线，因此可以布置在建筑的内部。 This set of requirements places a natural limit on the depth of an apartment building． 这些要求就使得公寓楼的进