文学的写实主义与自然主义Realisma.ppt

Chapter9:文學的寫實主義與自然主義

RealismandNaturalisminLiteratureWhatis“Realism”?Portrayaloflifewithfidelity(逼真描寫人生)ortruthfulrepresentationofreality(忠實再現實体)Depiction(描寫)ofsubjectsastheyappearineverydaylife,withoutembellishment(修飾)orinterpretation(詮釋),andwithoutpersonalbias(偏見).Itisamid-19thcenturymovementfollowingRomanticism.II.Whatis“Naturalism”?Itisoriginallyaphilosophicaltermreferringtomaterialism,Epicureanism(享樂主義),secularism(世俗主義),etc.ItisanextremeformofRealism.Todayinthewest,Naturalismisaliterarymovement/schoolhardlydifferentiatedfromRealism.Lateritbecomesabeliefthateveryexistingthingisapartofnatureandthuscanbeexplainedbynaturalandmaterialcauses.ItisbestexplainedinZola’sLeRomanexpérimental(TheExperimentalNovel)12345III.SimilaritiesandDifferencebetweentheTwoMovements/Schools：同：1.Method:inductive,observational,andhenceobjective

(歸納、觀察、客觀)Theywanttoobserveandanalyze“asliceoflife”(人生的「切片」)objectively.2.Implications:a.materialdeterminism(物質決定論)b.all-inclusivenessofsubjectmatter(題材全包)強調heredity(遺傳)environment(環境)認為Nothingisunclean:什麼都可寫。3.Interest:Theyareinterestedincontemporary(當代的),reallife.Theywanttowriteontheeveryday,thenormal,theobservable,thepragmatic(實用的),etc.Theydonotwanttowriteonthehistorical,theremote(遙遠的),theimaginary,thefantastic,theidyllic(田園的),theidealistic,theunsullied(不污染的),etc.4.Reaction:againstclassicism,Romanticism,“artforartsake”異:MorethanRealism,Naturalismispreoccupiedwith“ugliness”:Naturalism喜歡寫slums(貧民區),poverty,disease,crime,sex,etc.IV.BackgroundofRealism/Naturalism：Theinventionofphotographyin1839Taine’sapplicationofdeterministic(決定的)