水安全与粮食安全.PDF

中国生态农业学报 2014 年 8 月 第 22 卷 第 8 期 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Aug. 2014, 22(8): 880?885 DOI: 10.13930/ki.cjea.140715 水安全与粮食安全 康绍忠 (中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心 北京 100083) 摘 要 水安全是粮食安全的基础, 实现农业水资源的高效利用是保障水安全和粮食安全的根本途径。本文 阐述了水安全与粮食安全的概念; 分析了全球及我国水安全与粮食安全现状和未来形势; 辨析了粮食安全的 水资源保障战略的构成要素及我国节水农业的发展重点; 并就粮食生产的水资源高效利用、水资源高效配置 与调控、农业水资源消耗的生态环境效应以及应对旱涝极端气候等进行了讨论, 进而对主要科学问题进行了 归纳, 包括作物理想耗水与多过程协同调控机制、强人类活动下灌区多尺度水循环与伴生过程、粮食生产?水 资源?生态过程的互馈机制以及农业旱涝致灾机理与预警机制。 关键词 水安全 粮食安全 农业水资源 高效利用 科学问题 中图分类号: P349; S274 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-3990(2014)08-0880-06 Towards water and food security in China KANG Shaozhong (Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China) Abstract Sustained supply of sufficient water resources and quality food is essential for the continuity of human being society. Water security is fundamental for food security. Continuously increasing the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources is the only way to ensure future water and food security. This paper focused on the basic issues of water and food security, including the definitions, present and future states at global and national scales, water resources supporting strategies for national food security, and development of water-saving agriculture in China. The key issues of water and food security were reviewed and discussed, including efficient crop water consumption, high-efficiency control and management of wa