城市规划英文版.pdf

1-2ThePre-IndustrialRevolution

Welcometothisfirstsession.Intodayssession,wellexploresomeofth

ideasthatdominatedthdesignofsettlementspriortothdawnofth

IndustrialAge.Inth19thcentury,whenindustrializationcamto

cities,everythingchanged.Butbeforthattherwasalongcontinuityof

ideasabouthowtodesigncities.Itstotallyfoolishtoimaginethatwecould

explorseveralthousandyearsofhistoryofcitiesinjustonbrief

session.However,whatwcandoistotalkaboutthleadingideas,th

thingsthatdominatedthedesignofsettlementsforthatlongperiodoftim

andhelpyourecognizetheminyourcommunities.

Manyofyouwholiveincitiesthatdateback100sofyears,andthetraces

ofearliersettlementscanbesnbyjustbywalkingaroundinyourcity.

Butthosofyouwholivinmorrecentcities,willalsoprobablyb

surprisedtosthnumberofideasofcontemporarycitiesthathav

theirrootsinwhathadhappenedinearliercities.Humansmayhavebn

designingandplanningsettlementssincethedawnofcivilization.Manyof

thearliestsettlementswercreatedininformalways.Peoplsimply

gatheredaroundthcampfire,builthousesarounditandandth

settlementsemergedfromthatkindofinformalprocess.Butbeginningat

least3000yearsagopeoplebegandeliberatelydesigningsettlements.As

civilizationsgrewandbecammorstablandamassedresources,

consciousideasenteredintothedesignofplaces.

Thfirstideaisthwall.Defensbecamessential,andforover2,000

years,thdesignoffortificationsbecameacriticalpartofplanningcities.

Evenafterfortificationscamedown,andthmoatwasdrained,theidea

ofcreatinglimitstothecityremained.Thesecondideaisthegrid.Asland

ownershipwasdispersed