【精选】电解液在电池里面的化学反应及作用.doc

知识介绍 有机电解液在锂离子电池中的 充放电机理 卢星河1 ,2 ,唐致远1 ,韩　冬2 ,张　娜1 (1. 天津大学化工学院,天津300072 ;2. 河北工程学院化学系,河北邯郸056038) 摘要:讨论了锂离子电池充放电过程中有机电解液的电化学行为,研究发现,有机电解液会在电极活性材料表面发生电化 学反应而形成聚合物钝化层(SEI 膜) ,其厚度和疏密性与电解液的组成及充放电制度有关;其组成和电化学性能还将直接影响 锂离子电池的充放电容量和循环寿命。通过改变电解液的导电锂盐成分、有机溶剂组成和加入极性添加剂等方法可优化电解 液的电化学特性,从而可有效控制该钝化层的成膜过程、膜组成与膜结构,提高锂离子电池的充放电及循环性能。 关键词:锂离子二次电池;有机电解液;固体电解质相界面膜;添加剂;稳定性 中图分类号:TM911 　文献标识码:A 　文章编号:0253 - 4320(2005) 05 - 0067 - 03 Mechanism of electrochemical behaviors of anhydrous organic electrolyte in lithium2ion batteries LU Xing2he1 ,2 , TANG Zhi2yuan1 , HAN Dong2 , ZHANG Na1 (1. School of Chemical and Engineering ,Tianjin University ,Tianjin 300072 ,China ; 2. Department of Chemistry , Hebei University of Engineering ,Handan 056038 ,China) Abstract : The behavior of electrochemistry for the anhydrous organic electrolyte is discussed , the polymer passivation layer ,namely solid electrolyte interphase film is formed by anhydrous organic electrolyte solutions on the surface of the electrode active materials through the electrochemical reaction. The thickness and density of the passivation film is related to the composition of electrolyte solution and its charge2discharge system ,and directly influence the charging2discharging capacity and cycle life of the lithium2ion batteries. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrolyte solutions are optimized by changing the composition of the conducting salt and the organic solvent or adding polar additive ,which can control the film forming process ,composition and its structure effectively ,and improve the charge2discharge performance of the lithium2ion batteries. Key words : lithium2ion secondary battery ; electrolyte solution ; solid electrolyte interphase film; additives ; stability 　收稿日期:2004 - 12 - 23 ;修回日期:2005 - 03 - 11 　基金项目:国家自然科学基金(No. 和教育部博士点基金资助项目(No. 20020056045) 　作者简介:卢星河(1960 - ) ,男,博士生,副教授,luxinghe @126. com;唐致远(1946 - ) ,男,硕士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事电化学的科研和教学 工作,通讯联系人,022 -,zytang@tju. edu. cn。 　　锂离子二次电池自1