U型管式换热器.doc

U型管式换热器设计U type heat exchanger with a tube plate, both ends of which are fixed on the same tube plates, tubes can be freely telescopic, thermal stress, thermal compensation performance is good; tube with double tube pass, longer process, the flow velocity is higher, the heat transfer performance is good, strong bearing ability, simple structure, cheap price, applied to the tube, the larger temperature difference between the shell wall or shell pass medium easy scaling needs cleaning and not suitable for floating head type and fixed tube plate occasions, especially suitable for the tube away clean and not easy to scale the high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosive materials. U type heat exchanger main structure consists of a tube box, cylinder, head, tube, pipe, baffle plate, front panel and draft tube, short circuit protection structure, support and other accessories such as pipe shell. The design for the two types of pressure vessels, design temperature and pressure are very high, so high design requirements. The heat exchanger adopts a pipe shell, stainless steel tube manufacturing. In the design of the structure design of the heat exchanger, intensity and components selection and process design. Key words: U type heat exchanger, structure, design and calculation 绪论 能源是当前人类面临的重要问题之一，能源开发及转换利用已成为各国的重要课题，而换热器是能源利用过程中不可缺少的设备，几乎一切工业领域都要使用，化工、冶金、动力、交通、航空与航天等部门应用尤为广泛。近几年由于新技术发展和新能源开发利用，各种类型的换热器越来越受到工业界的重视，而换热器又是节能措施中较为关键的设备，因此，无论是从工业的发展，还是从能源的有效利用，换热器的合理设计、制造、选型和运行都具有非常重要的意义。 近年来随着节能技术的发展，应用领域不断扩大，利用换热器进行高温和低温热能回收带来了显著的经济效益。 换热器分类方式多样，按照其工作原理可分为：直接接触式换热器，蓄能式换热器和间壁式换热器三大类，间壁式换热器又可分为列管式和板壳式换热器两类，其中列管式换热器以其高度的可靠性和广泛的适应性，在长期的操作过程中积累了丰富的经验，其设计资料比较齐全，随着经济的发展各种不同型式和种类的换热器发展很快，新结构、新材料的换热器不断涌现。 近年来尽管列管式换热器也受到了新型换热器的挑战，但由于它具有结构简单、牢固、操作弹性大、应用材料广等优点，列管式换热器目前仍是化工、石油和石化行业中使用的主要类型换热器，尤其在高温、高压和大型换热器设备中仍占有绝对优势。 列管式换热器适用于化工、石油、医药、食品、轻工、冶金、焦化等行业的液和液，汽和汽，汽和液的对流传热，蒸汽冷凝和液体蒸发传热等换热器冷凝流程。列管式换热器是由一个圆筒形壳体及其内部的管束组成。管子两端固定在管板上并将壳程和管程的流体分开。壳体内设有折流板，以引导流体的流动并支承管子。用拉杆和定距管将折流板与管子组装在一起。列管式换热器共有三