非谓语动词讲解.doc
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非谓语动词语法讲解
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do? 2、动词的ing : doing? 3、 动词的过去分词：done
★不定式：表示目的和将来；
动词的ing：表示主动和进行；
过去分词：表示被动和完成。
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
to do
to have done
to be doing
被动
to be done
to have been done
ing 形式
主动
doing
having done
被动
being done
having been done
过去分词
被动
done
三．非谓语动词的句法功能：
（一）动词不定式：to+do
1．不定式的否定式：not + to do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生
Im glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
（2）进行式：不定式的动作正在发生
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
★动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer。
★it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
（4）作宾语补足语：
With a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
I have a meeting to attend.
He found a good house to live in.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
（7）作独立成分：to tell you the truth, to be honest, generally speaking
To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.
（二）Ving
1．否定式：not + Ving
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：
We remembered having
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