毕业设计论文学生公寓多用户电能计量控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 目前用于学生宿舍、公寓的电能计量控制系统在全国大部分高校中已普遍使用，但大部分采用以房间为单位计费，然后均分到个人的计费方法，该方法不能实现对学生个人用电计费，收费困难，易造成学生间的矛盾，因此如何科学合理地对学生公寓进行电能管理是一个亟待解决的重要课题。 本课题分析了当前国内居民小区和学生宿舍电能计量管理的现状，根据学生公寓用电管理的实际情况，设计了一种带身份识别的学生公寓电能计量控制系统。该系统由现场级和管理级两级组成，本文详细阐述了现场级模块的软硬件设计方案。现场级以专用电能计量芯片AD7755和带有A/D转换功能的微处理器80C196KB以及身份识别电路（IC卡预付电费电路）为核心，实现个人用电计量、类阻性发热负载识别、公寓用电情况的监视等，并通过RS-485与上层管理级通信，完成对公寓用电情况的统计和管理。 本文的创新点在于先刷卡识别身份再用电的管理模式。设计中给宿舍内的用户每人分配一条用电支路，用电时用户先刷卡，通过身份识别后，该用户的用电支路接通（通过继电器控制通断），其电源插座可插接电器，然后系统将对其用电情况进行计量与控制。当用户超过一定的时间未用电时，系统将自动关断该用电支路，以达到节电、安全用电，并防止其他用户窃电的目的。 本系统解决了电费均分难、恶性负载识别难、用电情况实时监测等问题，实现了学生公寓用电的现代化和自动化管理。 关键词：电量计量；身份识别；恶性负载识别；IC卡 Abstract University student hostels currently prevailing own apartment management, how scientific and reasonable for students villas Energy management is to be resolved into one of the important topics. This paper analyzes the domestic civilian and Area Energy Management System based on the status of student apartments and electricity management in the actual situation, A design with the identification of student apartments intelligent power management system. The system can spot and the management level two components. Field level through a dedicated power measurement and AD7755 chip with A/D conversion function of 80C196 embedded microprocessor KB and the identification circuit (IC circuit prepaid electricity) as the core personal consumption data measurement, Real-time dynamic type identification resistive heating load for the right side of the apartment monitor, investigate unusual electricity, thereby effectively limiting the use of students, such as faster heat, furnace son, incandescent easy use of fire appliances, Communication through the completion of the apartments electricity consumption statistics and published; The upper management level PC at the core. through telephone lines or LAN communications at any time acquisition bottom PC data resources, through the completion of various statistical database, analysis, can be kept informed of the entire cam