焊接技术与自动化.doc

山东华宇职业技术学院 PAGE 焊 接 技 术 与 自 动 化 摘要 焊接是钢结构的主要连接方法，在建筑钢结构的建设中发挥了重要的作用。 焊接作为钢结构制作和连接的主要技术，焊接已经被广泛应用于钢结构的制作和安装工艺之中。目前，钢结构已在厂房建筑中得到广泛的应用。而钢结构厂房的主要构件是焊接H型钢柱、梁、撑。然而，焊接中产生的变形问题不仅影响了钢结构的外观和使用性能，如果严重的话甚至会导致焊件报废，给 HYPERLINK /company/ 企业造成直接 HYPERLINK /Economic/ 经济损失。特别是在大型钢结构件的焊接作业中，这一问题表现得尤其突出。有鉴于此，必须对焊接变形不同类型和原因进行全面分析，并采取有力措施控制焊接变形量，以确保不断提高生产效率和钢结构工程质量，降低企业生产成本。 关键词：钢结构；焊接；施工  PAGE 18 目录 1、焊接应力及变形··················································2 一、焊接应力与变形的基本知识··················································2 二、焊接应力及变形的原因······················································2 三、控制、减小与消除的方法·····················································3 2、焊接结构的备料及成型·······································3 一、钢材的矫正与预处理························································3 二、画线、放样、下料与成型·····················································5 3、焊接结构的装配 ················································6 一、装配工艺概述 ···························································6 二、装配中的测量······························································8 三、装配用工夹具及设备·······················································11 四、装配的基本方法···························································13 五、装配工艺过程的制定及典型结构件的装配·····································14 4、焊接结构的焊接工艺·········································17 一、焊接工艺制订的内容和原则·················································17 二、焊接方法的选择 ··························································17 三、焊接工艺参数的选定·······················································17 四、确定合理的焊接热参数·····················································18 总结 ····································································19 参考文献····································································20 1、焊接应力及变形 一、焊接应力与变形的基本知识 1、应力 物体受外力作用后所导致物体内部之间的相互作用力 2、变形 物体在外力或温度等因素的作用下，其形状和尺寸发生变化，这种变化称为物体的变形 3、焊接应力与变形： 焊接应力是焊接过程中及焊接过程结束后，存在于韩建中的内应力。 焊接变形是由焊接而引起的焊件尺寸的改变 二、焊接应力及变形的原因 焊接应力，是焊接构件由于焊接而产生的应力。焊接过程中焊件中产生的内应力和焊接热过程引起的焊件的形状和尺寸变化。焊接过程的不均匀温度场以及由它引起的局部塑性变形和比容不同的组织是产生焊接应力和变形的