格鲁吉亚：背景与美国政策.pdf

Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy Contents Introduction 1 Politics and Governance 1 October 2020 Election Controversy4 Arrest of Opposition Leader 5 EU-Brokered Political Dialogue 6 Judicial Reform Challenges 7 Economy 8 Relations with the European Union and NATO 10 Relations with Russia and Secessionist Regions 12 Abkhazia and South Ossetia 12 2008 Russia-Georgia War 13 Conflict Resolution 13 After the 2008 War and Recent Developments 14 U.S.-Georgia Relations 15 Congressional Action 16 Foreign Aid 17 Trade 20 Figures Figure 1. Georgia 11 Tables Table 1. October 2020 Parliamentary Elections 3 Contacts Author Information 20 Congressional Research Service Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy Introduction Historically situated at the edge of empires, Georgia is located in the South Caucasus, a region between the Black and Caspian Seas separated from Russia by the Greater Caucasus mountain range and bordering Iran and Turkey (see Figure 1). Various Georgian kingdoms and principalities were incorporated into the Russian Empire beginning in the early 19th century. Georgia enjoyed a brief period of independence from 1918 until its forcible incorporation into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, or Soviet Union) in 1921 - 1922. Georgia gained independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since 1991, Georgia has coped with two Georgia at a Glance territorial conflicts over the Russian-occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. These Population: 3.72 million (2020 est.) regions, in addition to being home to ethnic Comparati