二氧化硅气凝胶微观结构调控的研究进展.pdf
二氧化硅气凝胶微观结构调控的研究进展
武子钰,陈慈航,黎白钰*
(兰州交通大学化学化工学院,甘肃兰州730000)
摘要:二氧化硅气凝胶是目前已知的导热率最低、质量最轻的多孔固体材料,在保温隔热、建筑节能、航天航空等多个领
域具有广泛的应用前景,是符合国家“双碳”目标的绿色材料。在实际工业生产中,为应对市场的不同需求,就需要制备
出不同性能的气凝胶材料,而气凝胶所具有的纳米级多孔结构会直接影响着其性能的优劣,构成其结构的颗粒粒径和
孔隙大小会直接造成其导热系数、比表面积、孔隙率等性能的差异。文章介绍了目前常见二氧化硅气凝胶结构调控的方
法和研究进展,并对未来气凝胶结构调控在工业生产中的应用发展作了展望。
关键词:气凝胶;二氧化硅气凝胶;微观结构
中图分类号:O646文献标志码:A文章编号:1008-4800(2024)33-0139-03
DOI:10.19900/ki.ISSN1008-4800.2024.33.034
ResearchProgressintheMicrostructureAdjustmentofSilicaAerogels
WUZiyu,CHENCihang,LIBaiyu*
(DepartmentofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,LanzhouJiaotongUniversity,Lanzhou730000,China)
Abstract:Silicondioxideaerogelistheporoussolidmaterialwiththelowestthermalconductivityandthelightestqualityknown
todate,whichhasawiderangeofapplicationprospectsinmanyfieldssuchasthermalinsulation,buildingenergyconservation,
aerospace,andisagreenmaterialinlinewiththedirectionofthenational“dualcarbon”goal.Intheactualindustrialproduction,in
ordertomeetthedifferentneedsofthemarket,itisnecessarytoprepareaerogelmaterialswithdifferentproperties,andthenanoscale
porousstructureoftheaerogeldirectlyaffectstheperformanceoftheperformanceofitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,constituting
thestructureofparticlesizeandporesizewillbedirectlycausedbythethermalconductivity,specificsurfacearea,porosity,and
otherpropertiesofthedifference.Thearticleintroducesthecurrentcommonsilicaaerogelstructureadjustmentmethodsand
researchprogress,andthefuturedevelopmentofaerogelstructureadjustmentintheindustrialproductionoftheapplicationofthe
developmentofprospects
Keywords:aerogel;silicaaerogel;microstructure
1概述