护理技术操作并发症及其处理[1].doc

护理技术操作并发症及其处理 目 录 肌肉注射法操作并发症············································第3-4页 皮内注射法操作并发症·················！··························第4-7页 皮下注射法操作并发症············································第7-9页 静脉注射法操作并发症············································第9-13页 周围静脉输液法操作常见并发症····································第13-19页 静脉输血操作并发症··············································第19-24页 动脉穿刺抽血法常见并发症········································第24-27页 静脉采血法操作并发症············································第27-29页 口腔护理操作并发症··············································第29-31页 鼻胃管鼻饲法操作并发症··········································第32-34页 留置胃管法操作并发症············································第35-36页 胃肠减压术操作并发症············································第36-40页 氧气吸入操作并发症··············································第40-44页 雾化吸入操作并发症··············································第44-46页 冷敷法操作并发症················································第46-47页 热敷法操作并发症················································第47-48页 导尿术操作并发症················································第48-51页 导尿管留置法操作并发症··········································第51-55页 膀胱冲洗法操作并发症············································第55-56页 大量不保留灌肠法操作并发症······································第56-58页 吸痰法操作并发症················································第58-59页 胸外心脏按压术操作并发症········································第59-62页 深静脉置管术操作并发症··········································第62-66页 肌内注射法操作并发症 一、概述：肌内注射法（intramuscular injection）是将少量的药液注入肌肉组织内的方法。主要是用于由于药物或病情因素不宜口服给药；要求药物在短时间内发生疗效而又不适用于或不必要采用静脉注射；药物刺激性较强或药量较大，不适用于皮下注射者。肌内注射亦可引起一些并发症，如疼痛、神经性损伤、局部或全身感染、疾病传播、硬结形成、针头堵塞及过敏性休克等。疾病传播、硬结形成、虚脱、过敏性休克、针头弯曲或针头折断等并发症其发生原因、临床表现及预防处理与皮内注射、皮下注射基本相同。 一、疼痛 （一）原因 肌内注射引起疼痛有多方面的原因，如针刺入皮肤的疼痛，推注药物刺激皮肤的疼痛。一次性肌内注射药物过多、药物刺激性过大、速度过快。注射部位不当，进针过深或过浅等都可引起疼痛。甚至可出现下肢瘫痪。 （二）临床表现 注射局部疼痛、酸胀、肢体无力、麻木。可引起下肢和坐骨神经疼痛，严重者可引起足下垂或跛行，甚至可出现下肢瘫痪。 （三）预防及处理 1．正确选择注射部位。 2．掌握无痛注射技术。进行肌肉注射前，先用拇指按压注射点10秒，然后常规皮肤消毒注射；注射器内存在少量空气可减少疼痛；用持针的手掌尺测缘快速叩击注射区的皮肤（一般为注射的右侧或下侧）后进针，在一定程度上可减轻