储能和液流电池技术_张华民.pdf

第1 卷 第1 期 储 能 科 学 与 技 术 Vol.l No.l 2012 年9 月 Energy Storage Science and Technology Sep. 2012 特约文章 储能与液流电池技术 张华 民 （中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，辽宁大连 116023） 摘 要：大规模高效储能技术是解决可再生能源发电不连续、不稳定、不可控特性的重要途径，也是构建坚强智能电网的核 心技术。本文对各种储能技术进行了综合分析，并对适用于大规模储能的抽水储能、压缩空气储能、钠硫电池、锂离子电池、 铅酸电池和液流电池的技术特点、优劣势、发展前景进行了深入阐述；最后，对储能技术的发展思路进行了探讨，认为坚持 技术开发与应用示范并重，进一步降低储能设备成本，提高其可靠性和稳定性并辅以一定的鼓励政策，是推进储能技术的产 业化和实用化的重要途径。 关键词：抽水储能；压缩空气储能；钠硫电池；锂离子电池；液流电池 中图分类号：TK 02 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-4239 （2012 ）01-058-06 Development and application status of energy storage technologies ZHANG Huamin （Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ，Dalian 116023，Liaoning ，China ） Abstract ：The application and development of energy storage technologies has gotten an increased attention as an essential device of future power system that use large amount of variable renewable resources. Energy storage enables to smooth the variation and uncertainty. In this paper, the existing energy storage technologies are evaluated. The technologies for large scale electricity storage, such as pumped hydro, compressed air energy storage, sodium sulfur battery, lithium battery, lead acid battery and flow battery are analyzed in detail. The success of these applications of energy storage will depend on the cost and the performance. It is believed that reducing the cost, improving the durability and reliability and assisting with incentive policies are the key issues to achieve the commercialization of energy storage. Key words ： pumped hydro ；compressed air energy storage ；sodium sulfur battery ；lithium battery ；flow battery 1 储能技术开发背景 50% ，到2050年将达到80%[1] ；美国能源信息署推