农作物区域产量保险研究进展.docx
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农作物区域产量保险研究进展
摘要:农作物区域产量保险作为我国重要的农业保险创新工具,能很好地弥补传统农业保险存在的管理和技术难题。通过系统总结区域产量保险的研究成果发现:理论层面的研究略显不足,虽在比较优势、难题障碍与合同设计方面已基本达成共识,但多依托国际发展经验,缺乏自主创新;实证层面成果丰富且趋于成熟,但仍存在一定的不足之处,具体体现在风险指标考虑不充分、区域范围选择不适宜、费率水平与风险等级不匹配等方面。今后的研究应从风险区划、区域选择、产品设计和产品运行四个层面进行重点改进。
关键词:区域产量保险;理论研究;风险区划;保险费率
中图分类号:F842.6文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)07-0161-06
Abstract As an important agricultural insurance innovation tool in our country, the crop area yield insurance can compensate for the management and technical problems existing in traditional agricultural insurance. Through systematically summarizing the research findings on area yield insurance, we found that the theoretical research was slightly insufficient. Although basic consensus had been reached in terms of comparative advantage, difficult obstacle and contract design, it relied heavily on international development experience and lacked independent innovation. On empirical level, the area yield insurance had abundant achievements and tended to be mature. However, there were still some deficiencies, which were embodied in areas of insufficient consideration of risk indicators, inappropriate selection of regional scopes, mismatching of tariff levels and risk levels. Future research on area yield insurance should make improvement from four aspects of risk zoning, regional selection, product design and product operation.
Keywords Area yield insurance; Theoretical research; Risk zoning; Insurance rate
自2007年施财政补贴至今,我国农业保险业务已经全面覆盖所有省份,涉及险种达210多个,玉米、水稻、小麦三大口粮作物承保覆盖率超过70%。但是,传统农业保险面临的定损核损难、道德风险和逆向选择等问题,大大降低了保险产品的运行效果。农作物区域产量保险作为我国重要的农业保险创新工具,能够有效解决传统农业保险所存在的管理和技术难题,一直以来都备受学术界的关注与热议。本文试图对我国区域产量保险的已有研究做出系统评述,首先概述我国区域产量保险的理论研究成就,然后分析区域产量保险在实证研究方面的特点和问题,并提出区域产量保险下一步发展的对策建议。
1 区域产量保险的理论研究综述
1.1 区域产量保险的比较优势研究
国内学者多在借鉴国外经验的基础上展开区域产量保险优势与必要性的研究。较早对区域产量保险的比较优势做出系统分析的是张跃华[1]。他在分析农业风险特点的基础上,通过借鉴国外农业区域保险计划的经验,提出了区域险的四大优势,即最大程度上避免道德风险和逆向选择问题、降低保险交易成本、降低保险费率。此后的研究提出了一些区域产量保险更为细致的优势。朱俊生等[2]指出区域产量保险是以区域产量的减少作为赔付条件,不需确定损失原因,也不需逐户定损核损,有效化解了传统农业保险定损难的问题。而且,该险种可以很好地保障隐性的和
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