汽车构造（英文版).doc

WORD 格式 整理 学习 参考 资料 分享 hCHAPTER 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS 汽车原理1.1 ? Principal Components 1.1 汽车主要组成部分Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment. 现代汽车有超过15000个零件组成，分成几个必须在一起工作的功能部分。主要包括4个功能部分：引擎，车身，底盘和电控。1.2 ? Engine 1.2引擎The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine :gasoline(also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission. 引擎为汽车提供能源。一般是内燃机：通过在引擎缸内燃烧液体燃料获得能量。引擎有两种：汽油机和柴油机。两种引擎都叫热机。燃烧的燃料产生大量大热，热量使缸内的气体产生大的压力，通过连杆使曲轴旋转。1.3 ? Body 1.3 车身An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. 车身有窗户，门，盖，内饰等组成，它为发动机，乘客及货物提供空间和保护。车身的设计要让乘客安全并乘坐舒适。对于乘用汽车，车身要动感，色彩绚丽，现代化。 1.4 ? Chassis 1.4 底盘The chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems. 底盘是一个组合体，主要由汽车的操纵部分，传动系统，悬架，转向部分，制动系统组成。Transmission systems ― conveys the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, final drive, and differential. 传动系统用来驱动车轮。主要有离合器，变速箱，驱动轴，最后驱动和差速器组成。Suspension― absorbs the road shocks. 悬架主要用来吸收路面冲击。 Steering― controls the direction of the movement. 转向系统控制汽车的行驶方向。Brake― slows down the vehicle. 制动系统使汽车停下来。1.5 ?