穿层预裂爆破技术突出危险安全管理知识.doc

摘 要 为了对瓦斯事故进行有效的防治，本文提出了深孔预裂爆破抽放瓦斯的研究课题。深孔预裂爆破提高高瓦斯低透性煤层的瓦斯抽放率是具有广阔应用前景的技术难题，对防治煤与瓦斯突出、保障煤矿安全生产具有重要现实意义。 采取理论分析、实验研究和现场工业试验相结合的方法，从分析钻孔周围煤层中瓦斯赋存和流动规律入手，综合国内外大量相关文献和经验，并结合试验矿井的具体情况和现场资料，提出深孔预裂爆破方案，并对工业试验的效果进行了深入的分析研究，提出了改进措施，为下一步全面开展预裂爆破抽放瓦斯技术措施提供理论依据和技术支持。 针对具有严重煤与瓦斯突出危险的煤层巷道掘进过程中，煤与瓦斯突出综合检测指标经常超限，掘进速度缓慢等问题，提出了穿层深孔控制爆破防治技术，研究了穿层深孔控制爆破技术的作用机理，分析了爆破过程中煤 、岩的压力变化情况和爆破影响范围，确定了巷道钻孔预裂爆破卸压技术参数和施工工艺。实验结果表明：利用瓦斯抽排巷道对掘进煤层进行打钻和预裂爆破，在一定范围使突出煤层卸压、排放瓦斯，可使原始高地应力场发生改变，并沿巷道掘进方向向前方煤体和风巷两帮深部转移，同时提高煤层透气性，使高压瓦斯加速排放，减少了突出势能，有效防治了煤与瓦斯突出和冲击地压，具有重要理论和实际价值。 关键词： 穿层预裂爆破；掘进工作面；突出危险；瓦斯治理  ABSTRACT In order to control gas accidents efficiently, this article has put forward the task of research on the gas drainage by deep-hole presplitting blast.As a technology difficult problem, deep hole presplitting blasting in coal seams with high gas and lower permeability to increase mine gas drainage rate has wide application prospect and great practical importance to prevention of coal and gas outburst and the safety of coal mining production. Using the method that the theoretical analysis and experiment research combined industrial test study, analyzing of the law of gas occurrence and moving, summarizing great deal of related literatures and experiences at home and abroad, as well as integrating the current concrete status with real field data of the experimental mine, this dissertation has put forward the discharging scheme of deep hole pre－splitting blasting and deeply analyzed the effect of industrial experiment, proposing the improved methods, afforded the theoretical foundation and techonological support for pre－splitting blasting discharging gas technical measure was overall applicated in next step. During excavating the roadway with high risk of coal and gas outburst，the composite index of coal and gas outburst often exceeding limits，resulting in a slow excavation speed．Aiming at this problem，we proposed the technique of using deep borehole controlling blasting．In addition，we numerically s